PROMOTING COGNITION IN MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY RESEARCH

Gregor Kennedy

Journal of Interactive Learning Research Vol. 15, No. 1 (January 2004) pp. 43–61

Abstract This paper suggests that researchers need to reconfigure their conception of multimedia based interactivity. By integrating and extending earlier conceptions of the construct, it is argued that the cognitive processes of users should be...

Topics: Cognition, Multimedia, Learning Outcomes

Improving access to and use of digital resources in a self directed learning context

Terry Judd; Gregor Kennedy

ASCILITE - Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Annual Conference 2007 (2007) pp. 478–482

Measurement and evidence of computer-based task switching and multitasking by ‘Net Generation’ students

Terry Judd; Gregor Kennedy

Computers & Education Vol. 56, No. 3 (April 2011) pp. 625–631

Logs of on-campus computer and Internet usage were used to conduct a study of computer-based task switching and multitasking by undergraduate medical students. A detailed analysis of over 6000 individual sessions revealed that while a majority of...

Topics: Post Secondary Education

Extending the Role of Audit Trails: A Modular Approach

Terry Judd; Gregor Kennedy

Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia Vol. 10, No. 4 (2001) pp. 377–395

Audit trails are records of user activities within educational technology environments (ETEs)1. A generic, yet flexible audit trail system that fulfils a wide range of auditing roles and which, through a modular approach, ensures scalability and...

Topics: Educational Technology

Flexible Audit Trailing in Interactive Courseware

Gregor Kennedy; Terry Judd

World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2001 (2001) pp. 943–948

This paper reports on the development and implementation of a flexible audit trail system comprising a library of auditing functions that can be embedded into interactive courseware and customised to the requirements of researchers and developers....

Topics: Interaction

Basic sequence analysis techniques for use with audit trail data

Terry Judd; Gregor Kennedy

Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia Vol. 17, No. 3 (July 2008) pp. 285–306

Audit trail analysis can provide valuable insights to researchers and evaluators interested in comparing and contrasting designers' expectations of use and students' actual patterns of use of educational technology environments (ETEs). Sequence...

Topics: Evaluation, Multimedia, Instructional Design, Navigation, Human Computer Interaction, Behavior, Information Communication Technologies, Research Methods

Understanding common interviewing pitfalls: An evaluation of Legal Interviewing Skills

Kathy Lynch; Gregor Kennedy

Australasian Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 18, No. 2 (Jan 01, 2002)

This paper reports on the evaluation of a computer facilitated learning (CFL) resource which allows law students to identify common pitfalls in clientlawyer interviews. Using an evaluation framework developed by Alexander and Hedberg (1994) and Bain ...

Language: English

A five-year study of on-campus Internet use by undergraduate biomedical students

Terry Judd; Gregor Kennedy

Computers & Education Vol. 55, No. 4 pp. 1564–1571

This paper reports on a five-year study (2005–2009) of biomedical students’ on-campus use of the Internet. Internet usage logs were used to investigate students’ sessional use of key websites and technologies. The most frequented sites and...

Language: English

Defining the Dimensions of a Formative Evaluation Program: A Multi-Method, Multi-Perspective Approach to the Evaluation of Multimedia.

Gregor E. Kennedy

EdMedia + Innovate Learning 1999 (1999) pp. 604–609

This paper details the dimensions of a formative evaluation program developed to refine and improve computer aided learning (CAL) modules in the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences at the University of Melbourne. Evaluation criteria ...

Topics: Evaluation, Science, Computer Sciences, Developmental Stages, Health

An evaluation of the use of multiple perspectives in the design of computer facilitated learning

David Kennedy; Norm Eizenberg; Gregor Kennedy

Australasian Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 16, No. 1 (Jan 01, 2000) pp. 13–25

In the medical sciences, there is a well documented problem that involves the separation of discipline based knowledge from clinical practice. In order to address this issue in anatomy teaching, the CD-ROM An@tomedia has been developed -...

Multiple Perspectives in the Design of Interactive Multimedia: An Evaluation

David M. Kennedy; Norm Eizenberg; Gregor Kennedy

EdMedia + Innovate Learning 1999 (1999) pp. 1559–1560

The development of the An@tomedia CD-ROM (Eizenberg, Briggs, Barker, & Grkovic, 1998) has evolved from a series of action research cycles aimed at improving the learning of anatomy (Eizenberg, 1991) through the development of an innovative text book ...

Topics: Students

Enhancing learning analytics by understanding the needs of teachers

Linda Corrin; Gregor Kennedy; Raoul Mulder

ASCILITE - Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Annual Conference 2013 (2013) pp. 201–205

The field of learning analytics has great potential to inform and enhance teaching and learning practices in higher education. However, while many studies are being conducted to examine new learning analytics tools or ways that learning analytics...

The elusive experience of ‘flow’: Qualitative and quantitative indicators

Mary Ainley; Laura Enger; Gregor Kennedy

International Journal of Educational Research Vol. 47, No. 2 (2008) pp. 109–121

In this investigation mixed methods were used to examine flow within the context of a writing task. Forty-four secondary students aged between 15 and 18 years completed a computer-based writing task requiring them to examine information and then...

The Role of Theory in Learning Technology Evaluation Research

Rob Phillips; Gregor Kennedy; Carmel McNaught

Australasian Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 28, No. 7 (2012) pp. 1103–1118

This paper attempts a fundamental analysis of the nature of research into e-learning and the role that theory plays in this. We examine "research" in broad terms, and the nature of phenomena in general. We identify that e-learning is an artificial...

An Evaluation of Interactive Multimedia Designed to Support Problem-Based Learning in Medicine

David M. Kennedy; Norm Eizenberg; Gregor E. Kennedy

World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2000 (2000) pp. 508–513

In the medical and health sciences, a well described problem for students is the linking of discipline-based knowledge with clinical practice. The CD-Rom, An@tomedia has been developed to support a problem-based learning curriculum in ...

Topics: Students

Can functional brain imaging be used to explore interactivity and cognition in multimedia learning environments?

Barney Dalgarno; Gregor Kennedy; Sue Bennett

Journal of Interactive Learning Research Vol. 21, No. 3 (July 2010) pp. 317–342

This paper reviews existing methods used to address questions about interactivity, cognition and learning in multimedia learning environments. Existing behavioural and self-report methods identified include observations, audit trails, questionnaires,...

Topics: Multimedia, Interaction, Cognition, Research Methods, Human Computer Interaction

Transforming Traditional Curricula: Enhancing Medical Education through Multimedia and Web-based Resources

Mike Keppell; Gregor Kennedy; Peter Harris

World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2000 (2000) pp. 1404–1405

This paper describes the transformation of a traditional medical curricula into a problem-based learning technology-enhanced educational setting. The use of Information Technology (IT) is an important feature of the new curriculum. Case-based...

Topics: Curriculum, Educational Technology, Computers

Towards a generalised conceptual framework for learning: the Learning Environment, Learning Processes and Learning Outcomes (LEPO) framework

Rob Phillips; Carmel McNaught; Gregor Kennedy

World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2010 (Jun 29, 2010) pp. 2495–2504

We argue in this paper is that there is a lack of clarity about learning in its broadest form, and we address this by proposing a generalised and integrated conceptual framework for learning. The Learning Environment, Learning Processes and Learning ...

Making sense of audit trail data

Gregor Kennedy; Terry Judd; Terry Judd

Australasian Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 20, No. 1 (Jan 01, 2004)

In this paper we argue that the use of audit trail data for research and evaluation purposes has attracted scepticism due to real and perceived difficulties associated with the data's interpretation. We suggest that educational technology...

Language: English

Scaffolding Student Learning in Information-Dense Technology-Enhanced Teaching and Learning Environments

Som Naidu; Mike Keppell; Gregor Kennedy

World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2000 (2000) pp. 1469–1470

This paper is fundamentally about supporting learning in technology-enhanced educational settings where students are often confronted with very large amounts of information, and where they are also required to exercise a great deal of independence ...

Topics: Educational Technology, Students

The Impact of Students' Exploration Strategies on Discovery Learning Using Computer-Based Simulations

Barney Dalgarno; Gregor Kennedy; Sue Bennett

Educational Media International Vol. 51, No. 4 (2014) pp. 310–329

Discovery-based learning designs incorporating active exploration are common within instructional software. However, researchers have highlighted empirical evidence showing that "pure" discovery learning is of limited value and strategies...

Getting together out-of-class: Using technologies for informal interaction and learning

Kate Goodwin; Gregor Kennedy; Frank Vetere

ASCILITE - Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Annual Conference 2010 (2010) pp. 387–392

This paper presents the results of a study of the way in which university students use technologies for out-of-class interactions. The study investigated the usefulness and usage frequency of technologies such as mobile phones, social networking and ...

Use of Social Web Technologies by International and Domestic Undergraduate Students: Implications for Internationalising Learning and Teaching in Australian Universities

Kathleen Gray; Shanton Chang; Gregor Kennedy

Technology, Pedagogy and Education Vol. 19, No. 1 (March 2010) pp. 31–46

Much research into the use of online information and communication technologies for the internationalisation of learning and teaching has focused on established web technologies. This paper considers the possible internationalisation implications of ...

Using students’ visual representations as a window to designing learning tools

Gregor Kennedy; Edmund Kazmierczak; Ardis Cheng

ASCILITE - Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Annual Conference 2010 (2010) pp. 174–178

We report the preliminary findings of a study that considered how undergraduate students visually represent dynamic processes of a biological complex system. Initial results indicate that students created structure-focused visuals and relied on...

Expectations and reality: Evaluating patterns of learning behaviour using audit trails

Gregor E. Kennedy; Terry S. Judd

Computers & Education Vol. 49, No. 3 (November 2007) pp. 840–855

Developers of educational multimedia programs have expectations about the way in which they will be used. These expectations can be broadly categorised as either functional (primarily related to the interface) or educational (related to learning...

Language: English

Using wikis for collaborative learning: Assessing collaboration through contribution

Terry Judd; Gregor Kennedy; Simon Cropper; Simon Cropper

Australasian Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 26, No. 3 (Jan 01, 2010)

Wikis are widely promoted as collaborative writing tools and are gaining in popularity in educational settings. However, while wikis include features that are designed to facilitate collaboration, it does not necessarily follow that their use will...

Language: English

The role of theory in learning technology evaluation research

Rob Phillips; Gregor Kennedy; Carmel McNaught; Carmel McNaught

Australasian Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 28, No. 7 (Jan 01, 2012)

This paper attempts a fundamental analysis of the nature of research into e-learning and the role that theory plays in this. We examine 'research' in broad terms, and the nature of phenomena in general. We identify that e-learning is an artificial...

Language: English

Supporting Students' Learning with The Personal Learning Planner

Gregor Kennedy; Terry Judd; Tom Petrovic; Peter Harris

World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2001 (2001) pp. 937–942

This paper describes a computer based, learning support tool called the Personal Learning Planner (PLP). The educational context is described and we point to three interrelated demands on students in problem based and self-directed learning...

Web 2.0 and user-created content: Students negotiating shifts in academic authority

Rosemary Chang; Rosemary Chang; Gregor Kennedy; Tom Petrovic

ASCILITE - Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Annual Conference 2008 (2008) pp. 165–169

Web 2.0 technologies are able to support established student-centred pedagogies by enabling user-created content. However, user-created content generates some interesting challenges for educators, curriculum coordinators and designers—including...

Unresolved issues about ‘authentic’ online learning: Interpretations, assumptions and challenges

Barney Dalgarno; Gregor E. Kennedy; Helen Farley; Mark J.W. Lee

ASCILITE - Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Annual Conference 2011 (2011) pp. 314–315

The focus of the symposium will be a critical exploration and examination of the notion of ‘authentic’ learning, leading to a discussion of implications and consequences for the design of online learning resources and environments. The symposium...

Eye tracking and early detection of confusion in digital learning environments: Proof of concept

Mariya Pachman; Amal Arguel; Lori Lockyer; Gregor Kennedy; Jason Lodge

Australasian Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 32, No. 6 (Dec 15, 2016)

Research on incidence of and changes in confusion during complex learning and problem-solving calls for advanced methods of confusion detection in digital learning environments (DLEs). In this study we attempt to address this issue by investigating...

Mining Interactions in Immersive Learning Environments for Real-Time Student Feedback

Gregor Kennedy; Ioanna Ioannou; Yun Zhou; James Bailey; Stephen O'Leary

Australasian Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 29, No. 2 (2013) pp. 172–183

The analysis and use of data generated by students' interactions with learning systems or programs--learning analytics--has recently gained widespread attention in the educational technology community. Part of the reason for this interest is...

Implementing Web 2.0 technologies in higher education: A collective case study

Sue Bennett; Andrea Bishop; Barney Dalgarno; Jenny Waycott; Gregor Kennedy

Computers & Education Vol. 59, No. 2 (September 2012) pp. 524–534

Web 2.0 technologies are becoming more popular in the everyday lives of students. As a result, teachers and designers have begun to explore their use in formal education. This paper presents evaluation findings from a collective case study of six...

Language: English

Making Science Real: Photo-Sharing in Biology and Chemistry

Jenny Waycott; Barney Dalgarno; Gregor Kennedy; Andrea Bishop

Research in Learning Technology Vol. 20, No. 2 (2012)

In this paper, we examine students' reflections about the value of two photo-sharing activities that were implemented in undergraduate Biology and Chemistry subjects. Both activities aimed, broadly, to provide support for authentic and meaningful...

Critiquing constructivist theory: (Mis)aligned (mis)application of constructivism in online learning environments

Barney Dalgarno; Gregor E. Kennedy; Mark J. W. Lee

ASCILITE - Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Annual Conference 2010 (2010) pp. 266–268

The focus of the symposium will be a critical exploration and examination of the nature of constructivist theories of learning and their consequences for the design of onlin e learning resources and environments. Further detail about the theoretical ...

Understanding the reasons academics use – and don’t use – endorsed and unendorsed learning technologies

Gregor Kennedy; Deb Jones; Dianne Chambers; Jon Peacock

ASCILITE - Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Annual Conference 2011 (2011) pp. 688–701

Educational researchers have a longstanding interest in the reasons why academic staff use technologies in their teaching. The investigation presented in this paper considered drivers and barriers to the use of technology in a higher education...

Blended synchronous learning: Patterns and principles for simultaneously engaging co-located and distributed learners

Matt Bower; Jacqueline Kenney; Barney Dalgarno; Gregor E. Kennedy

ASCILITE - Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Annual Conference 2013 (2013) pp. 92–102

This paper presents seven blended synchronous learning designs and articulates principles for implementation as espoused by the teachers who enacted them. Blended synchronous learning approaches use media-rich synchronous technologies to enable...

Podcasting: Is it a technology for informal peer learning?

Tom Petrovic; Gregor Kennedy; Rosemary Chang; Jenny Waycott

ASCILITE - Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Annual Conference 2008 (2008) pp. 761–765

Digital divides? Student and staff perceptions of information and communication technologies

Jenny Waycott; Sue Bennett; Gregor Kennedy; Barney Dalgarno; Kathleen Gray

Computers & Education Vol. 54, No. 4 (May 2010) pp. 1202–1211

This paper reports qualitative findings from a study that investigated Australian university staff and students’ perceptions and use of current and emerging technologies both in their daily lives and in teaching and learning contexts. Forty-six...

Language: English

Patterns and principles for blended synchronous learning: Engaging remote and face-to-face learners in rich-media real-time collaborative activities

Matt Bower; Jacqueline Kenney; Barney Dalgarno; Mark Lee; Gregor Kennedy

Australasian Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 30, No. 3 (Aug 05, 2014)

Blended synchronous learning involves using rich-media technologies to enable remote and face-to-face students to jointly participate in the same live classes. This article presents blended synchronous learning designs from seven case studies that...

Uniting on-campus and distributed learners through media-rich synchronous tools: A national project

Matt Bower; Gregor E. Kennedy; Mark J.W. Lee; Barney Dalgarno

ASCILITE - Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Annual Conference 2011 (2011) pp. 150–155

Twenty-first century university students find it increasingly difficult to commit to regular face-to- face classes, yet real-time interaction and collaboration are often essential to achieving successful learning outcomes. This paper outlines the...

Data mining interactions in a 3D immersive environment for real-time feedback during simulated surgery

Gregor Kennedy; Ioanna Ioannou; Yun Zhou; James Bailey; Stephen O’Leary

ASCILITE - Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Annual Conference 2012 (November 2012)

The analysis and use of data generated by students‘ interactions with learning systems or programs – learning analytics – has recently gained widespread attention in the educational technology community. Part of the reason for this interest is based ...

Mining interactions in immersive learning environments for real-time student feedback

Gregor Kennedy; Ioanna Ioannou; Yun Zhou; James Bailey; Stephen O'Leary

Australasian Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 29, No. 2 (May 10, 2013) pp. 172–183

The analysis and use of data generated by students’ interactions with learning systems or programs – learning analytics – has recently gained widespread attention in the educational technology community. Part of the reason for this interest is based ...

Use of media-rich real-time collaboration tools for learning and teaching in Australian and New Zealand universities

Matt Bower; Gregor E. Kennedy; Barney Dalgarno; Mark J.W. Lee; Jacqueline Kenney; Paula de Barba

ASCILITE - Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Annual Conference 2012 (November 2012)

Developments in Authentic Learning: A Woman's Reproductive Life Cycle

Mike Keppell; Mary E. Wlodek; Sophie Ping; Gregor Kennedy; Jennifer Kirk; Terry Judd

World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2003 (2003) pp. 1431–1438

This paper describes the development of a computer-facilitated learning package that integrates the various stages of A Woman's Reproductive Life Cycle integrating reproductive and endocrine physiology. The authentic learning design of the package...

Topics: Integration, Developmental Stages

A tale of two MOOCs: How student motivation and participation predict learning outcomes in different MOOCs

Abi Brooker; Linda Corrin; Paula de Barba; Jason Lodge; Gregor Kennedy

Australasian Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 34, No. 1 (Mar 28, 2018)

Recent scholarly discussions about massive open online courses (MOOCs) highlight pedagogical and practical issues that separate MOOCs from other learning settings, especially how theories of learning translate to MOOC students\u2019 motivation,...

Using multimedia to assist students with communication skills and biopsychosocial integration: An evaluation

Teng Liaw; Gregor Kennedy; Mike Keppell; John Marty; Ruth McNair; Ruth McNair

Australasian Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 16, No. 2 (Jan 01, 2000)

This paper reports on the development rationale and evaluation of a computer facilitated learning (CFL) package which aimed to assist medical students with their clinical communication skills and develop an integrated biopsychosocial approach to...

Language: English

Immigrants and natives: Investigating differences between staff and students' use of technology

Gregor Kennedy; Barney Dalgarno; Sue Bennett; Terry Judd; Kathleen Gray; Rosemary Chang

ASCILITE - Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education Annual Conference 2008 (2008) pp. 484–492

DNAexplorer: Computer Facilitated Learning of Bioinformatics Using a Situated Model

Gregor Kennedy; Terry Judd; Mike Keppell; Carol Ginns; Brendon Crabb; Richard Strugnell

World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2001 (2001) pp. 931–936

This paper reports on the design of DNAexplorer, a computer facilitated learning package, which was developed to support the teaching and learning of bioinformatics. The instructional design of the package was broadly based on a model of situated...

Topics: Instructional Design

Patterns and Principles for Blended Synchronous Learning: Engaging Remote and Face-to-Face Learners in Rich-Media Real-Time Collaborative Activities

Matt Bower; Jacqueline Kenney; Barney Dalgarno; Mark J. W. Lee; Gregor E. Kennedy

Australasian Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 30, No. 3 (2014) pp. 261–272

Blended synchronous learning involves using rich-media technologies to enable remote and face-to-face students to jointly participate in the same live classes. This article presents blended synchronous learning designs from seven case studies that...