The effects of multiple column online text on reading speed, reading comprehension, and satisfaction

Ryan Baker

The effects of multiple column online text on reading@speed, reading comprehension, and satisfaction (2005) pp. 1–114

This study examined the effects of the number of columns and type of justification on reading speed, reading comprehension, and satisfaction for online text. Sixty-six participants read a single narrative passage of approximately 2200 words...

Stupid Tutoring Systems, Intelligent Humans

Ryan S. Baker

International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education Vol. 26, No. 2 (2016) pp. 600–614

The initial vision for intelligent tutoring systems involved powerful, multi-faceted systems that would leverage rich models of students and pedagogies to create complex learning interactions. But the intelligent tutoring systems used at scale today ...

Grit and Intention: Why Do Learners Complete MOOCs?

Yuan Wang; Ryan Baker

The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning Vol. 19, No. 3 (Jul 11, 2018)

In recent years there has been considerable interest in how many learners complete MOOCs, and what factors during usage can predict completion. Others, however, have argued that many learners never intend to complete MOOCs, and take MOOCs for other...

Language: English

Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics: Applications to Constructionist Research

Matthew Berland; Ryan S. Baker; Paulo Blikstein

Technology, Knowledge and Learning Vol. 19, No. 1 (July 2014) pp. 205–220

Constructionism can be a powerful framework for teaching complex content to novices. At the core of constructionism is the suggestion that by enabling learners to build creative artifacts that require complex content to function, those learners will ...

Assessment of Robust Learning with Educational Data Mining

Ryan S. Baker; Albert T. Corbett

Research & Practice in Assessment Vol. 9 (2014) pp. 38–50

Many university leaders and faculty have the goal of promoting learning that connects across domains and prepares students with skills for their whole lives. However, as assessment emerges in higher education, many assessments focus on knowledge and ...

Unifying Computer-Based Assessment across Conceptual Instruction, Problem-Solving, and Digital Games

William L. Miller; Ryan S. Baker; Lisa M. Rossi

Technology, Knowledge and Learning Vol. 19, No. 1 (July 2014) pp. 165–181

As students work through online learning systems such as the Reasoning Mind blended learning system, they often are not confined to working within a single educational activity; instead, they work through various different activities such as...

Operationalizing and Detecting Disengagement within Online Science Microworlds

Janice D. Gobert; Ryan S. Baker; Michael B. Wixon

Educational Psychologist Vol. 50, No. 1 (2015) pp. 43–57

In recent years, there has been increased interest in engagement during learning. This is of particular interest in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics domains, in which many students struggle and where the United States needs...

Using Virtual Worlds in Education: Second Life[R] as an Educational Tool

Suzanne C. Baker; Ryan K. Wentz; Madison M. Woods

Teaching of Psychology Vol. 36, No. 1 (January 2009) pp. 59–64

The online virtual world Second Life (www.secondlife.com) has multiple potential uses in teaching. In Second Life (SL), users create avatars that represent them in the virtual world. Within SL, avatars can interact with each other and with objects...

Incorporating Effective E-Learning Principles to Improve Student Engagement in Middle-School Mathematics

Kevin Mulqueeny; Victor Kostyuk; Ryan S. Baker; Jaclyn Ocumpaugh

International Journal of STEM Education Vol. 2, No. 1 (2015)

Background: The expanded use of online and blended learning programs in K-12 STEM education has led researchers to propose design principles for effective e-learning systems. Much of this research has focused on the impact on learning, but not how...

Studying the Effectiveness of an Online Language Learning Platform in China

Ryan Baker; Feng Wang; Zhenjun Ma; Wei Ma; Shiyue Zheng

Journal of Interactive Learning Research Vol. 29, No. 1 (January 2018) pp. 5–24

In this paper we evaluate the effectiveness of an adaptive online learning platform, designed to support Chinese students in learning the English language. The adaptive platform is studied in three studies, where the experimental platform is...

Population validity for educational data mining models: A case study in affect detection

Jaclyn Ocumpaugh; Ryan Baker; Sujith Gowda; Neil Heffernan; Cristina Heffernan

British Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 45, No. 3 (May 23, 2014) pp. 487–501

Information and communication technology (ICT)-enhanced research methods such as educational data mining (EDM) have allowed researchers to effectively model a broad range of constructs pertaining to the student, moving from traditional assessments...

Predicting Robust Learning with the Visual Form of the Moment-by-Moment Learning Curve

Ryan S. Baker; Arnon Hershkovitz; Lisa M. Rossi; Adam B. Goldstein; Sujith M. Gowda

Journal of the Learning Sciences Vol. 22, No. 4 (2013) pp. 639–666

We present a new method for analyzing a student's learning over time for a specific skill: analysis of the graph of the student's moment-by-moment learning over time. Moment-by-moment learning is calculated using a data-mined model that...

Carelessness and Affect in an Intelligent Tutoring System for Mathematics

Maria Ofelia Z. San Pedro; Ryan S. J. de Baker; Ma Mercedes T. Rodrigo

International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education Vol. 24, No. 2 (June 2014) pp. 189–210

We investigate the relationship between students' affect and their frequency of careless errors while using an Intelligent Tutoring System for middle school mathematics. A student is said to have committed a careless error when the student'...

Towards Understanding How to Assess Help-Seeking Behavior across Cultures

Amy Ogan; Erin Walker; Ryan Baker; Ma Mercedes T. Rodrigo; Jose Carlo Soriano; Maynor Jimenez Castro

International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education Vol. 25, No. 2 (June 2015) pp. 229–248

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in automatically assessing help seeking, the process of referring to resources outside of oneself to accomplish a task or solve a problem. Research in the United States has shown that specific help-...

Knowledge Elicitation Methods for Affect Modelling in Education

Kaska Porayska-Pomsta; Manolis Mavrikis; Sidney D'Mello; Cristina Conati; Ryan S. J. d. Baker

International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education Vol. 22, No. 3 (2013) pp. 107–140

Research on the relationship between affect and cognition in Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) brings an important dimension to our understanding of how learning occurs and how it can be facilitated. Emotions are crucial to learning, but...

Comparing the Factors That Predict Completion and Grades among For-Credit and Open/MOOC Students in Online Learning

Ma. Victoria Almeda; Joshua Zuech; Chris Utz; Greg Higgins; Rob Reynolds; Ryan S. Baker

Online Learning Vol. 22, No. 1 (2018) pp. 1–18

Online education continues to become an increasingly prominent part of higher education, but many students struggle in distance courses. For this reason, there has been considerable interest in predicting which students will succeed in online...

Why Students Engage in “Gaming the System” Behavior in Interactive Learning Environments

Ryan Baker; Jason Walonoski; Neil Heffernan; Ido Roll; Albert Corbett; Kenneth Koedinger

Journal of Interactive Learning Research Vol. 19, No. 2 (April 2008) pp. 185–224

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the phenomena of "gaming the system," where a learner attempts to succeed in an educational environment by exploiting properties of the system's help and feedback rather than by attempting to...

Topics: Teachers, Computers, Interaction, Educational Technology, Mathematics, Attitudes, Students, Middle School Education, Behavior, Human Computer Interaction, Learning Outcomes, Tutoring

Towards Automatically Detecting Whether Student Learning Is Shallow

Sujith M. Gowda; Ryan S. Baker; Albert T. Corbett; Lisa M. Rossi

International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education Vol. 23, No. 1 (November 2013) pp. 50–70

Recent research has extended student modeling to infer not just whether a student knows a skill or set of skills, but also whether the student has achieved robust learning--learning that enables the student to transfer their knowledge and prepares...

Generalizing Automated Detection of the Robustness of Student Learning in an Intelligent Tutor for Genetics

Ryan S. J. d. Baker; Albert T. Corbett; Sujith M. Gowda

Journal of Educational Psychology Vol. 105, No. 4 (November 2013) pp. 946–956

Recently, there has been growing emphasis on supporting robust learning within intelligent tutoring systems, assessed by measures such as transfer to related skills, preparation for future learning, and longer term retention. It has been shown that...

From Log Files to Assessment Metrics: Measuring Students' Science Inquiry Skills Using Educational Data Mining

Janice D. Gobert; Michael Sao Pedro; Juelaila Raziuddin; Ryan S. Baker

Journal of the Learning Sciences Vol. 22, No. 4 (2013) pp. 521–563

We present a method for assessing science inquiry performance, specifically for the inquiry skill of designing and conducting experiments, using educational data mining on students' log data from online microworlds in the Inq-ITS system ...

Detecting Learning Moment-by-Moment

Ryan S. J. D. Baker; Adam B. Goldstein; Neil T. Heffernan

International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education Vol. 21, No. 1 (2011) pp. 5–25

Intelligent tutors have become increasingly accurate at detecting whether a student knows a skill, or knowledge component (KC), at a given time. However, current student models do not tell us exactly at which point a KC is learned. In this paper, we ...

On the Benefits of Seeking (and Avoiding) Help in Online Problem-Solving Environments

Ido Roll; Ryan S. J. d. Baker; Vincent Aleven; Kenneth R. Koedinger

Journal of the Learning Sciences Vol. 23, No. 4 (2014) pp. 537–560

Seeking the right level of help at the right time can support learning. However, in the context of online problem-solving environments, it is still not entirely clear which help-seeking strategies are desired. We use fine-grained data from 38 high...

Middle School Engagement with Mathematics Software and Later Interest and Self-Efficacy for STEM Careers

Jaclyn Ocumpaugh; Maria Ofelia San Pedro; Huei-yi Lai; Ryan S. Baker; Fred Borgen

Journal of Science Education and Technology Vol. 25, No. 6 (2016) pp. 877–887

Research suggests that trajectories toward careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) emerge early and are influenced by multiple factors. This paper presents a longitudinal study, which uses data from 76 high school...

Modeling how incoming knowledge, persistence, affective states, and in-game progress influence student learning from an educational game

Valerie J. Shute; Sidney D'Mello; Ryan Baker; Kyunghwa Cho; Nigel Bosch; Jaclyn Ocumpaugh; Matthew Ventura; Victoria Almeda

Computers & Education Vol. 86, No. 1 (August 2015) pp. 224–235

This study investigated the relationships among incoming knowledge, persistence, affective states, in-game progress, and consequently learning outcomes for students using the game Physics Playground. We used structural equation modeling to examine...

Language: English

Development of a Workbench to Address the Educational Data Mining Bottleneck

Ma Mercedes T. Rodrigo; Ryan S. J. d. Baker; Bruce M. McLaren; Alejandra Jayme; Thomas T. Dy

International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM) 2012 (June 2012)

In recent years, machine-learning software packages have made it easier for educational data mining researchers to create real-time detectors of cognitive skill as well as of metacognitive and motivational behavior that can be used to improve...

Off-task behavior in elementary school children

Karrie E. Godwin; Ma. V. Almeda; Howard Seltman; Shimin Kai; Mandi D. Skerbetz; Ryan S. Baker; Anna V. Fisher

Learning and Instruction Vol. 44, No. 1 (August 2016) pp. 128–143

This paper reports results from a large-scale observational study investigating attention allocation during instructional activities in elementary school students (kindergarten through fourth-grade). In Study 1, 22 classrooms participated while a...

Language: English

Detecting and Understanding the Impact of Cognitive and Interpersonal Conflict in Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Environments

David Nadler Prata; Ryan S. J. d. Baker; Evandro d. B. Costa; Carolyn P. Rose; Yue Cui; Adriana M. J. B. de Carvalho

International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM) 2009 (July 2009)

This paper presents a model which can automatically detect a variety of student speech acts as students collaborate within a computer supported collaborative learning environment. In addition, an analysis is presented which gives substantial insight ...

Towards Sensor-Free Affect Detection in Cognitive Tutor Algebra

Ryan S. J. d. Baker; Sujith M. Gowda; Michael Wixon; Jessica Kalka; Angela Z. Wagner; Aatish Salvi; Vincent Aleven; Gail W. Kusbit; Jaclyn Ocumpaugh; Lisa Rossi

International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM) 2012 (June 2012)

In recent years, the usefulness of affect detection for educational software has become clear. Accurate detection of student affect can support a wide range of interventions with the potential to improve student affect, increase engagement, and...

More confusion and frustration, better learning: The impact of erroneous examples

J. Elizabeth Richey; Juan Miguel L. Andres-Bray; Michael Mogessie; Richard Scruggs; Juliana M.A.L. Andres; Jon R. Star; Ryan S. Baker; Bruce M. McLaren

Computers & Education Vol. 139, No. 1 (October 2019) pp. 173–190

Prior research suggests students can sometimes learn more effectively by explaining and correcting example problems that have been solved incorrectly, compared to problem-solving practice or studying correct solutions. It remains unclear, however,...

Language: English

Detecting and Addressing Frustration in a Serious Game for Military Training

Jeanine A. DeFalco; Jonathan P. Rowe; Luc Paquette; Vasiliki Georgoulas-Sherry; Keith Brawner; Bradford W. Mott; Ryan S. Baker; James C. Lester

International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education Vol. 28, No. 2 (2018) pp. 152–193

Tutoring systems that are sensitive to affect show considerable promise for enhancing student learning experiences. Creating successful affective responses requires considerable effort both to detect student affect and to design appropriate...