Self-Directed and Distance Learning: Facilitating Self-Directed Learning beyond the Instititutional Setting

D Randy Garrison

International Journal of Lifelong Education Vol. 6, No. 4 (1987) pp. 309–18

Analyzes the concept of self-directed learning, focusing on the facilitation of self-directed learning in the noninstitutional setting. Clarifies self-directed learning and follows with an outline and discussion of the ability of distance education...

Computer Conferencing: The Post-Industrial Age of Distance Education

D Randy Garrison

Open Learning Vol. 12, No. 2 (1997) pp. 3–11

Contrasts the dominant view of distance education as mass production and independent study (industrial model) with an emerging view incorporating interactive communications technology and personalized and collaborative learning (postindustrial model)...

Beyond Independence in Distance Education: The Concept of Control

D Randy Garrison; Myra Baynton

American Journal of Distance Education Vol. 1, No. 3 (1987) pp. 3–15

Discussion of learner control in the educational process focuses on adult distance education. Independence, power, and support are described as the three components of control of the learning process, and the concept of control as it relates to the...

Instructional Design Considerations in Telewriter Applications to Distance Education

Doug Shale; D Randy Garrison

This paper describes an audio teleconferencing system enhanced with a microcomputer-based telewriting system and examines its application in the delivery of university courses in statistics, microcomputer applications in special education, nursing...

Cognitive Presence in Online Learning

Heather Kanuka; D Randy Garrison

Journal of Computing in Higher Education Vol. 15, No. 2 (March 2004) pp. 21–39

The purpose of this study was to advance understanding of how to facilitate higher levels of learning when using asynchronous text-based Internet communication technology. The framework used to guide this study is based on the community of inquiry...

The Development of a Community of Inquiry over Time in an Online Course: Understanding the Progression and Integration of Social, Cognitive and Teaching Presence

Zehra Akyol; D Randy Garrison

Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks Vol. 12, No. 3 (December 2008) pp. 3–22

The purpose of this study was to explore the dynamics of an online educational experience through the lens of the Community of Inquiry framework. Transcript analysis of online discussion postings and the Community of Inquiry survey were applied to...

Creating cognitive presence in a blended faculty development community

Norman Vaughan; D. Randy Garrison

Internet and Higher Education Vol. 8, No. 1 (2005) pp. 1–12

The focus of this study was to understand how a blended learning approach can support the inquiry process (cognitive presence) in a faculty development context. The findings from this study indicate that there are several key differences and...

Language: English

Evaluating a Telewriter System To Enhance Audio-Teleconferencing: A Qualitative Search for Instructional Design Issues

Doug Shale; D Randy Garrison

An audioteleconferencing system enhanced with a microcomputer-based telewriting system was used for the delivery of an introductory statistics course designed for home study which was offered by Athabasca University. From the instructor's point of...

Assessing metacognition in an online community of inquiry

Zehra Akyol; D. Randy Garrison

Internet and Higher Education Vol. 14, No. 3 (July 2011) pp. 183–190

Metacognition is an important aspect of human intelligence and higher learning. There is the recognition that metacognition is not just a private internal activity but also socially situated. In this context, the purpose of this research is to...

Language: English

Researching the community of inquiry framework: Review, issues, and future directions

D. Randy Garrison; J.B. Arbaugh

Internet and Higher Education Vol. 10, No. 3 (2007) pp. 157–172

Since its publication in "The Internet and Higher Education", Garrison, Anderson, and Archer's [Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2000). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. "The...

Language: English

Avoiding the Industrialization of Research Universities: Big and Little Distance Education

D Randy Garrison; Terry D. Anderson

American Journal of Distance Education Vol. 13, No. 2 (1999) pp. 48–63

In contrast to the big industrial mode of distance education, an approach to distance education called "little distance education," is described that is consistent with the traditional goals and values of creating knowledge through a critical...

Transactional Issues in Distance Education: The Impact of Design in Audioteleconferencing

Terry D. Anderson; D Randy Garrison

American Journal of Distance Education Vol. 9, No. 2 (1995) pp. 27–45

Reports on a study of student perceptions of learning via audioconferencing using two distinct instructional designs in university-level courses delivered at a distance. The use of field observations, interviews, focus groups, and mail surveys is...

Institutional change and leadership associated with blended learning innovation: Two case studies

D. Randy Garrison; Norman D. Vaughan

Internet and Higher Education Vol. 18, No. 1 (July 2013) pp. 24–28

This article documents the institutional change and leadership associated with blended learning innovation in higher education. Two case studies are provided that demonstrate how transformational institutional change related to blended teaching and...

Language: English

Facilitating Cognitive Presence in Online Learning: Interaction is Not Enough

D Randy Garrison; Martha Cleveland-Innes

American Journal of Distance Education Vol. 19, No. 3 (2005) pp. 133–148

This study assessed the depth of online learning, with a focus on the nature of online interaction in four distance education course designs. The Study Process Questionnaire was used to measure the shift in students' approach to learning from the...

The first decade of the community of inquiry framework: A retrospective

D. Randy Garrison; Terry Anderson; Walter Archer

Internet and Higher Education Vol. 13, No. 1 (January 2010) pp. 5–9

This article provides a personal perspective about the development of the seminal papers associated with the Community of Inquiry Framework. The framework and its construction are described. The main part of the paper explores the evolution of the...

Language: English

Critical Thinking, Cognitive Presence, and Computer Conferencing in Distance Education

D Randy Garrison; Terry Anderson; Walter Archer

American Journal of Distance Education Vol. 15, No. 1 (2001) pp. 7–23

Presents encouraging empirical findings related to an attempt to create an efficient and reliable instrument to assess the nature and quality of critical discourse and thinking in a text-based educational context. Suggests that cognitive presence ...

The Impact of Course Duration on the Development of a Community of Inquiry

Zehra Akyol; Norm Vaughan; D Randy Garrison

Interactive Learning Environments Vol. 19, No. 3 (2011) pp. 231–246

This study investigated the effect of time on the development of a community of inquiry by examining an online course offered over two different time periods. The study was guided by the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework (Garrison, Anderson, &...

Assessing Social Presence in Asynchronous Text-based Computer Conferencing

Liam Rourke; Terry Anderson; D Randy Garrison; Walter Archer

The Journal of Distance Education / Revue de l'ducation Distance Vol. 14, No. 2 (1999) pp. 50–71

Discusses computer conferencing in higher education, presents a community of inquiry model that includes benefits of computer conferencing, and discusses social presence, defined as the ability of learners to project themselves socially and...

A Response to the Review of the Community of Inquiry Framework

Zehra Akyol; J Ben Arbaugh; Marti Cleveland-Innes; D Randy Garrison; Phil Ice; Jennifer C. Richardson; Karen Swan

The Journal of Distance Education / Revue de l'ducation Distance Vol. 23, No. 2 (2009) pp. 123–135

The Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework has become a prominent model of teaching and learning in online and blended learning environments. Considerable research has been conducted which employs the framework with promising results, resulting in...

Developing a community of inquiry instrument: Testing a measure of the Community of Inquiry framework using a multi-institutional sample

J.B. Arbaugh; Martha Cleveland-Innes; Sebastian R. Diaz; D. Randy Garrison; Philip Ice; Jennifer C. Richardson; Karen P. Swan

Internet and Higher Education Vol. 11, No. 3 (2008) pp. 133–136

This article reports on the multi-institutional development and validation of an instrument that attempts to operationalize Garrison, Anderson and Archer's Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework (2000). The results of the study suggest that the...

Language: English