![](https://editlib-media.s3.amazonaws.com/sources/irrodl.jpg)
An investigation of practices and tools that enabled technology-mediated caring in an online high school
ARTICLE
Andrea Velasquez, Charles Graham, Richard West, Brigham Young University
IRRODL Volume 14, Number 5, ISSN 1492-3831 Publisher: Athabasca University Press
Abstract
The ethic of care has been an important part of the dialogue related to learning in traditional K-12 learning environments particularly because emotional relationships and caring pedagogies have been shown to be particularly important for adolescent learners. However, as online learning has become increasingly popular, there are concerns about the perceived impersonal nature of the online medium, and how this might particularly affect adolescent learners. The purpose of this study was to examine technology choices when experiencing caring interactions in the online schooling context of Mountain Heights Academy (formerly Open High School of Utah). The caring experience of two teacher participants and four of their students was examined through interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results suggest that teacher choices regarding technology use are an integral part of creating caring relationships with students online. The ethics of caring is an essential model in understanding the communication of caring interactions in the online setting.
Citation
Velasquez, A., Graham, C. & West, R. (2013). An investigation of practices and tools that enabled technology-mediated caring in an online high school. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 14(5),. Athabasca University Press. Retrieved August 6, 2024 from https://www.learntechlib.org/p/171470/.
Keywords
References
View References & Citations Map- Andersen, J. (1979). Teacher immediacy as a predictor of teaching effectiveness. In D. Nimmo (Ed.), Communication yearbook 3 (pp. 543-559). New Brunswick, NJ:
- Arbaugh, J.B. (2001). How instructor immediacy behaviors affect student satisfaction and learning in web-based courses. Business Communication Quarterly, 64(4), 42-54.
- Baker, J.A., Terry, T., Bridger, R., & Winsor, A. (1997). Schools as caring communities: A relational approach to school reform. The School Psychology Review, 26(4), 586-602.
- Baker, J.D. (2004). An investigation of relationships among instructor immediacy and affective and cognitive learning in the online classroom. The Internet and Higher Education, 7(1), 1-13.
- Banks, R. (2009). Caring teachers and their impact: A phenomenological study of students' perceptions (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest. (Publication No. 3382072)
- Bangert, A. (2008). The influence of social presence and teaching presence on the quality of online critical inquiry. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 20(1), 34–61.
- Bulmer, M., & Rodd, M. (2005). Technology for nurture in large undergraduate statistics classes. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science& Technology, 36(7), 779–787.
- Damarin, S.K. (1994). Equity, caring, and beyond: Can feminist ethics inform educational technology? Educational Technology, 32(2), 34-39.
- Delacruz, E.M. (2009). From bricks and mortar to the public sphere in cyberspace: Creating a culture of caring on the digital global commons. International Journal of Education& The Arts, 10(5). Retrieved from http://www.ijea.org/v10n5/
- Feldlaufer, H., Midgley, C., & Eccles, J. (1988). Student, teacher, and observer perceptions of the classroom environment before and after the transition to junior high school. Journal of Early Adolescence, 8(2), 133-156.
- Frymier, A.B., & Thompson, C.A. (1992). Perceived teacher affinity-seeking in relation to perceived teacher credibility. Communication Education, 41(4), 388–399.
- Garrison, D.R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2000). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. Internet and Higher Education, 2(2-3), 87-105.
- Gleaves, A. & Walker, C. (2006). How does digital caring differ from physical caring?: Examining students’ experiences of and responses to a technological intervention within a caring pedagogy. In J. Fanghanel & D. Warren (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (2005 and 2006) (pp. 250-259). London, England: Centre for
- Goldstein, L.S. (2002). Commitment, community, and passion: Dimensions of a carecentered approach to teacher education. Teacher Education and Practice, 15(1/2), 36-56.
- Goldstein, L.S., & Freedman, D. (2003). Challenges enacting caring teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 54(5), 441–454.
- Goodlad, J.I. (1984). A place called school: Prospects for the future. McGraw-Hill Companies.
- Goodlad, J.I. (1990). Teachers for our nation's schools (1st ed.). San Francisco: JosseyBass.
- Goodlad, J.I., Soder, R., & Sirotnik, K.A. (1990). The moral dimensions of teaching. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Hasenauer, S., & Herrmann, M. (1996). Improving student behavior (Masters action research). Retrieved from ERIC. (Document Reproduction Service No. ED 408079)
- Hirsch, B., & Rapkin, B. (1987). The transition to junior high school: A longitudinal study of self-esteem, psychological symptomatology, school life, and social support. Child Development, 58(5), 1235-1243.
- Holmberg, B. (2007). A theory of teaching-learning conversations. In M.G. Moore (Ed.), Handbook of distance education (pp. 69-74). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence
- Lincoln, Y.S., & Guba, E.G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills: Sage.
- Lindmark, T., Marshall, J., Riley, S., & Strey, E. (1996). Improving behavior and academic success through a caring classroom. (Master’s action research project). Retrieved from ERIC. (Document Reproduction Service No. ED 399493)
- McAlister, G. (2001). Computer-mediated immediacy: A new construct in teacherstudent communication for computer-mediated distance education. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest. (Publication No. AAT 3024479)
- McArthur, R.C. (2005). Faculty-based advising: An important factor in community college retention. Community College Review, 32(4), 1–19.
- Mehrabian, A. (1971). Silent messages. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
- Moore, M.G. (1989). Editorial: Three types of interaction. American Journal of Distance Education, 3(2), 1–7.
- Moore, M.G. (1993). Theory of transactional distance. In D. Keegan (Ed.), Theoretical principles of distance education (pp. 22-38). New York: Routledge.
- Moore, M.G., & Kearsley, G. (1996). Distance education: A systems view. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
- Noddings, N. (1984). Caring: A feminine approach to ethics and moral education. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- O’Sullivan, P.B., Hunt, S.K., & Lippert, L.R. (2004). Mediated immediacy: A language of affiliation in a technological age. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 23(4), 464-490.
- Pelowski, S., Frissell, L., Cabral, K., & Yu, T. (2005). So far but yet so close: Student chatroom immediacy, learning, and performance in an online course. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 16(4), 395-407.
- Picciano, A. (2002). Beyond student perceptions: Issues of interaction, presence, and performance in an online course. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks 6(1), 21–40.
- Picciano, A.G., & Seaman J. (2007). K-12 online learning: A survey of U.S. School district administrators. Retrieved from Sloan-C: http://sloanconsortium.org/sites/default/files/K-12_Online_Learning_1.pdf
- Pomeroy, E. (1999). The teacher-student relationship in secondary school: Insights from excluded students. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 20(4), 465-482.
- Reid, K., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2005). Exploring lived experience. Psychologist, 18(1), 20–23.
- Rice, R.E. (1992). Contexts of research in organizational computer-mediated communication. In M. LEA (Ed.), Contexts of computer-mediated communication (pp. 113–144). New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
- Richardson, J., & Swan, K. (2003). Examining social presence in online courses in relation to student's perceived learning and satisfaction. JALN, 7(1), 68-88.
- Rovai, A. (2007). Facilitating online discussions effectively. The Internet and Higher Education, 10(1), 77–88.
- Schuman, D. (1982). Policy, analysis, education, and everyday life. Lexington, MA: Heath.
- Schwier, R.A., & Balbar, S. (2002). The interplay of content and community in synchronous and asynchronous communication: Virtual communication in a graduate seminar. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 28(2), 2130.
- Shamp, S. (1991). Mechanomorphism in perception of computer communication partners. Computers in Human Behavior, 7(3), 147-161.
- Shann, M.H. (1999). Academics and a culture of caring: The relationship between school achievement and prosocial and antisocial behaviors in four urban middle schools. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 10(4), 390–413.
- Shea, P., Vickers, J., & Hayes, S. (2010). Online instructional effort measured through the lens of teaching presence in the community of inquiry framework: A reexamination of measures and approach. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 11(3), 127-154.
- Short, J., Williams, E., & Christie, B. (1976). The social psychology of telecommunications. Toronto: Wiley.
- Smith, J.A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
- Teven, J.J. (2007). Teacher caring and classroom behavior: Relationships with student affect and perceptions of teacher competence and trustworthiness. Communication Quarterly, 55(4), 433-450.
- Tosolt, B. (2010). Gender and race differences in middle school students' perceptions of caring teacher behaviors. Multicultural Perspectives, 12(3), 145-151.
- Vrasidas, C., & McIsaac, M.S. (1999). Factors influencing interaction in an online course. American Journal of Distance Education, 13(3), 22–36.
These references have been extracted automatically and may have some errors. Signed in users can suggest corrections to these mistakes.
Suggest Corrections to ReferencesCited By
View References & Citations Map-
The At-Risk Student’s Journey with Online Course Credit: Looking at Perceptions of Care
Karis K. Barnett, The University of Central Oklahoma, United States
Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 2, No. 4 (Dec 31, 2016) pp. 367–398
-
Online text processing: A study of Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary knowledge
Abbas Ahangar, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran (Islamic Republic Of); Mehri Izadi, Chabahar Maritime University, Iran (Islamic Republic Of)
The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning Vol. 16, No. 2 (Apr 15, 2015)
-
The At-Risk Student's Journey with Online Course Credit; Looking at Perceptions of Care and Their Lived Experience
Karis Barnett, The University of Central Oklahoma, United States
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2015 (Mar 02, 2015) pp. 1454–1462
These links are based on references which have been extracted automatically and may have some errors. If you see a mistake, please contact info@learntechlib.org.