Statistical Error in Linear Equating with Small Samples of Examinees

Cynthia G. Parshall

A Monte Carlo study was conducted to compare the statistical bias and standard errors of non-equivalent-groups linear test equating in small samples of examinees. One thousand samples of each size (15, 25, 50, and 100) were drawn with replacement...

Audio CBTs: Measuring More through the Use of Speech and Non-Speech Sound

Cynthia G. Parshall

Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association 1999 (April 1999)

Most computerized tests are simple applications that make limited use of the technology inherent in computer-delivered examinations. One potentially valuable feature of computer-administered examinations is the ability to play audio files, a...

New Algorithms for Item Selection and Exposure Control with Computerized Adaptive Testing

Tim Davey; Cynthia G. Parshall

Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association 1995 (Jul 09, 1995)

Although computerized adaptive tests acquire their efficiency by successively selecting items that provide optimal measurement at each examinee's estimated level of ability, operational testing programs will typically consider additional factors in...

Audio CBTs: An Initial Framework for the Use of Sound in Computerized Tests

Cynthia G. Parshall; Sha Balizet

Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice Vol. 20, No. 2 (2001) pp. 5–15

Addresses the potential benefits of using sound in computerized assessments. Describes some current computer uses of the audio channel of communication and outlines a proposed audio computer-based testing framework. Provides some examples of...

Innovations: Graphics, Sound, and Alternative Response Modes

Cynthia G. Parshall; Rob Stewart; Judy Ritter

Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association 1996 (April 1996)

While computer-based tests might be as simple as computerized versions of paper-and-pencil examinations, more innovative applications also exist. Examples of innovations in computer-based assessment include the use of graphics or sound, some measure ...

Improving the Quality of Innovative Item Types: Four Tasks for Design and Development

Cynthia G. Parshall; J Christine Harmes

Journal of Applied Testing Technology Vol. 10, No. 1 (March 2009)

Many exam programs have begun to include innovative item types in their operational assessments. While innovative item types appear to have great promise for expanding measurement, there can also be genuine challenges to their successful...

Exact versus Asymptotic Mantel-Haenszel DIF Statistics: A Comparison of Performance under Small-Sample Conditions

Cynthia G. Parshall; Timothy R. Miller

Journal of Educational Measurement Vol. 32, No. 3 (1995) pp. 302–16

Exact testing was evaluated as a method for conducting Mantel-Haenszel differential item functioning (DIF) analyses with relatively small samples. A series of computer simulations found that the asymptotic Mantel-Haenszel and the exact method...

Screening Items for Bias: An Empirical Comparison of the Performance of Three Indices in Small Samples of Examinees

Jeffrey D. Kromrey; Cynthia G. Parshall

A Monte Carlo study was conducted to compare the performance of three statistical indices of test item bias in small samples of examinees. The statistical indices compared were the Delta method, the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) method, and the...

The Development of an Audio Computer-Based Classroom Test of ESL Listening Skills

Sha Balizet; Dave Treder; Cynthia G. Parshall

Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association 1999 (April 1999)

There are very few examples of audio-based computerized tests, but for many disciplines, such as foreign language and music, there appear to be many benefits to this type of testing. The purpose of the present study was to develop and compare...

Nearest Neighbors, Simple Strata, and Probabilistic Parameters: An Empirical Comparison of Methods for Item Exposure Control in CATs

Cynthia G. Parshall; Jeffrey D. Kromrey; J Christine Harmes; Christina Sentovich

Annual Meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME) 2001 (April 2001)

Computerized adaptive tests (CATs) are efficient because of their optimal item selection procedures that target maximally informative items at each estimated ability level. However, operational administration of these optimal CATs results in a...