A Cost Analysis of Distance Education: Are We Getting the Most Bang for the Buck?

Leonard Annetta

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2004 (2004) pp. 336–340

This position paper asks the question of is the money allocated to institutional distance education getting the results on the back end in terms of student achievement? This study produced evidence regarding the relative effectiveness of three...

Topics: Science, Professional Development, Interaction, Distance Education, Elementary Education

Assessing Student Understanding of Contour Maps Using Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Panoramas and 3-D Modeling

John Park; Leonard Annetta

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2006 (Mar 19, 2006) pp. 4039–4045

Abstract: For the past one hundred years, science teachers have used contour lines to represent three-dimensional landforms on a two-dimensional page. Teachers have implemented a variety of activities to assist student understanding of the meaning...

Topics: Middle School Education, Virtual Environments

Influences on Visual Attentional Distribution in Multimedia Instruction

Eric Wiebe; Leonard Annetta

Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia Vol. 17, No. 2 (April 2008) pp. 259–277

Previous work applying cognitive load theory has demonstrated the effect of various text/graphic/narration relations on learning using multimedia material. Other work has looked at how the degree of integration between the text and graphics...

Topics: Cognition, Educational Technology, Science, Instructional Materials, Graphics, Audio, Research Methods

Video Games in Education: Why They Should Be Used and How They Are Being Used

Leonard A. Annetta

Theory Into Practice Vol. 47, No. 3 (July 2008) pp. 229–239

Today's K-20 students have been called, among other names, the net generation. As they matriculate through the education system, they are often exposed to materials and manipulatives used for the past 40 years, and not to the digital media to which...

What Are You Looking At? An Investigation Into the Relationship of Text, Graphics, and Audio of a PowerPoint Presentation, Student Eye Movements and Science Learning

Leonard Annetta; David Slykhuis

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2005 (2005) pp. 3620–3623

The purpose of this study was to use eye-tracking technology to explore the relationship of text and graphic combinations displayed in a PowerPoint presentation. The effect of an audio narration was also explored. A taxonomy of graphic/text...

Topics: Students, Graphics

Integrating Point-to-Point Videoconferencing Into Professional Development of Rural Elementary School Science Teachers

Leonard Annetta; Daniel Dickerson

Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education Vol. 6, No. 4 (December 2006) pp. 399–413

This study investigated the effectiveness of using point-to-point videoconferencing for a 3-day professional development workshop of elementary school science teachers as part of the Science Co-op Project in rural Missouri. The intentions of this...

Topics: Professional Development, Science, Attitudes, eLearning, Collaboration, Communication, Elementary Education, Educational Technology, Distance Education, Computers, Networking Technologies, Information Communication Technologies

A comparative study of three distance education strategies on the learning and attitudes of elementary school teachers participating in a professional development project

Leonard Anthony Annetta

A comparative study of three distance education strategies on the learning and attitudes of elementary@school@teachers participating in a professional development project (2003) pp. 1–180

Distance Education is a significant topic among institutions at all levels of education. It is not only significant in terms of finances and student enrollment but in terms of meaningful learning. This study produced evidence regarding the relative...

Video Games in Science: A Model for Students and Teachers Creating 3D Role Playing Games

Leonard Annetta; John Park

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2006 (Mar 19, 2006) pp. 3950–3956

Graduate students in science education learned to construct video games for science instruction. An innovative, synchronous online course was the vehicle for this process.As more and more students are coming to unviersities with a dire need for...

Topics: Students, Learning Objects, Video, Science, Educational Technology

Science Teacher Training through Serious Educational Games

Leonard Annetta; James Minogue

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2011 (Mar 07, 2011) pp. 2025–2033

STIMULATE (Science Training Immersive Modules for University Learning Around Teacher Education) targeted initial licensure secondary science teachers. According to NSF, “demand for science and technology literacy has never been higher, and the...

The Effect Teaching Experience Has on Perceived Effectiveness of Interactive Television as a Distance Education Model for Elementary School Science Teacher's Professional Development: Another Digital Divide?

Leonard A. Annetta; James Minogue

Journal of Science Education and Technology Vol. 13, No. 4 (December 2004) pp. 485–494

The first year of a 5 year professional development project for elementary teachers in two mid-western states integrated a bridge of two distinctly different distance education networks (T-1 and fiber optics) to provide science professional...

A Comparison of Rural Elementary School Teacher Attitudes toward Three Modes of Distance Education for Science Professional Development

Leonard Annetta; James A. Shymansky

Journal of Science Teacher Education Vol. 19, No. 3 (June 2008) pp. 255–267

Distance education is a significant topic of discussion among faculty at all levels of education. This study produced evidence regarding the attitudes toward three distance education delivery modes for science professional development. The study...

Development of a Short-Form Measure of Science and Technology Self-Efficacy Using Rasch Analysis

Richard L. Lamb; David Vallett; Leonard Annetta

Journal of Science Education and Technology Vol. 23, No. 5 (October 2014) pp. 641–657

Despite an increased focus on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in U.S. schools, today's students often struggle to maintain adequate performance in these fields compared with students in other countries (Cheek in "...

Taking Science Online: Evaluating Presence and Immersion through a Laboratory Experience in a Virtual Learning Environment for Entomology Students

Leonard Annetta; Marta Klesath; John Meyer

Journal of College Science Teaching Vol. 39, No. 1 (September 2009) pp. 27–33

A 3-D virtual field trip was integrated into an online college entomology course and developed as a trial for the possible incorporation of future virtual environments to supplement online higher education laboratories. This article provides an...

NTLI Fellows Symposium, Part 2

Shawn Holmes; Leonard Annetta; Meng-Tzu Cheng

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (Mar 29, 2010) pp. 3674–3681

Since 2000, SITE has been collaborating with a number of teacher education associations through the National Technology Leadership Initiative (NTLI). The NTLI Fellowships were established to recognize an exemplary presentation on technology at the...

Construction of a Simulation from a Video Case: An Ethical Sensitivity Assessment and its Impact on Science Educators

Shawn Holmes; Leonard Annetta; Meng-Tzu Cheng

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2009 (Mar 02, 2009) pp. 3765–3772

A simulation was created to emulate two Racial Ethical Sensitivity Test (REST) videos. This mixed-methods study aimed to affect ethical sensitivity of preservice and inservice science teachers to racial and gender intolerant behavior in school...

Investigating Science Learning for Rural Elementary School Teachers in a Professional-Development Project through Three Distance-Education Strategies

Leonard A. Annetta; James A. Shymansky

Journal of Research in Science Teaching Vol. 43, No. 10 (December 2006) pp. 1019–1039

Distance education is a significant topic of discussion within institutions at all levels of education. It is not only significant in terms of finances and student enrollment but also in terms of meaningful learning. The purpose of this study was to ...

After-School and Informal STEM Projects: The Effect of Participant Self-Selection

David B. Vallett; Richard Lamb; Leonard Annetta

Journal of Science Education and Technology Vol. 27, No. 3 (2018) pp. 248–255

This research represents an unforeseen outcome of the authors' National Science Foundation Innovation Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers (ITEST) program grant in science education. The grant itself focused on the use of serious...

Diffusing Innovations: Adoption of Serious Educational Games by K-12 Science Teachers.

David Vallett; Leonard Annetta; Richard Lamb; Brandy Bowling

Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education Vol. 14, No. 3 (September 2014) pp. 247–265

Innovation is a term that has become widely used in education; especially as it pertains to technology infusion. Applying the corporate theory of diffusing innovation to educational practice is an innovation in itself. This mixed-methods study...

Hazelton High at REST: A Simulation Unmasking Ethical Behavior in Science Educators

Shawn Y. Holmes; Leonard A. Annetta; Meng-Tzu Cheng

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (Mar 29, 2010) pp. 1114–1121

Hazelton High at REST, a simulation containing two digitized scenarios from the Racial Ethical Sensitivity Test (REST). The REST, a video assessment, is a valid measure of an educator’s ethical sensitivity for racial and gender intolerant behaviors...

Assessing Twenty-First Century Skills through a Teacher Created Video Game for High School Biology Students

Leonard A. Annetta; Meng-Tzu Cheng; Shawn Holmes

Research in Science & Technological Education Vol. 28, No. 2 (July 2010) pp. 101–114

As twenty-first century skills become a greater focus in K-12 education, an infusion of technology that meets the needs of today's students is paramount. This study looks at the design and creation of a Multiplayer Educational Gaming Application ...

Assessment of Learning with Games and Simulations

David Gibson; Donguk Cheong; David Stuit; Leonard Annetta; Penny Nolte

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2009 (Mar 02, 2009) pp. 1450–1455

This session featured speakers from five projects with a range of experience in assessment and evaluation of student learning as the outcome of playing with and using games and simulations. The presentation engaged the audience in a discussion of...

Drugs and the Brain: Learning the Impact of Methamphetamine Abuse on the Brain through a Virtual Brain Exhibit in the Museum

Meng-Tzu Cheng; Leonard Annetta; Elizabeth Folta; Shawn Y. Holmes

International Journal of Science Education Vol. 33, No. 2 (January 2011) pp. 299–319

"Drugs and the Brain: A Serious Game," a prototype museum exhibit, was designed to employ virtual models of the brain into a video game format. It was done to create a fun and engaging way of conveying knowledge and concepts about neuroscience, as...

GRADUATE: Experiences from Six Years of Bridging In School to Out of School Through Game Creation

Leonard Annetta; Marcus Stone; David Vallett; Rebecca Cheng; Richard Lamb; Karen Peterman

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2012 (Mar 05, 2012) pp. 2458–2461

This brief paper will describe the results from the current wave of data from a National Science Foundation ITEST project. Although the project is not yet complete, and builds on a previous ITEST project, indicators of success student game...

Investigating Student Attitudes Toward a Synchronous, Online Graduate Course in a Multi-User Virtual Learning Environment

Leonard Annetta; Marshall Murray; Shelby Gull Laird; Stephanie Bohr; John Park

Journal of Technology and Teacher Education Vol. 16, No. 1 (2008) pp. 5–34

This article describes a graduate distance education course at North Carolina State University, which combined science content and pedagogy with video game design. The course was conducted entirely in a synchronous, online, Virtual Learning...

Topics: Information Communication Technologies, Virtual Environments, Distance Education, Interaction, Community, Instructional Design, Learning Objects, Games, Creativity, Human Computer Interaction, Science, Attitudes, Collaboration, Communication, Curriculum

Augmented Reality Games: Using Technology on a Budget

Leonard Annetta; Erin Peters Burton; Wendy Frazier; Rebecca Cheng; Margaret Chmiel

Science Scope Vol. 36, No. 3 (November 2012) pp. 54–60

As smartphones become more ubiquitous among adolescents, there is increasing potential for these as a tool to engage students in science instruction through innovative learning environments such as augmented reality (AR). Aligned with the National...

Serious Games: Incorporating Video Games in the Classroom

Leonard A. Annetta; Marshall R. Murray; Shelby Gull Laird; Stephanie C. Bohr; John C. Park

Educause Quarterly Vol. 29, No. 3 (2006) pp. 16–22

Technological advances in the new millennium may evoke disquiet among administrators and teachers taxed with understanding how to harness new capabilities and merge them with sound pedagogy. To understand how gaming might bridge the gap between...

Science Teacher Efficacy and Extrinsic Factors toward Professional Development Using Video Games in a Design-Based Research Model: The Next Generation of STEM Learning

Leonard A. Annetta; Wendy M. Frazier; Elizabeth Folta; Shawn Holmes; Richard Lamb; Meng-Tzu Cheng

Journal of Science Education and Technology Vol. 22, No. 1 (February 2013) pp. 47–61

Designed-based research principles guided the study of 51 secondary-science teachers in the second year of a 3-year professional development project. The project entailed the creation of student-centered, inquiry-based, science, video games. A...

Cognitive diagnostic like approaches using neural-network analysis of serious educational videogames

Richard L. Lamb; Leonard Annetta; David B. Vallett; Troy D. Sadler

Computers & Education Vol. 70, No. 1 (January 2014) pp. 92–104

There has been an increase in student achievement testing focusing on content and not underlying student cognition. This is of concern as student cognition provided for a more generalizable analysis of learning. Through a cognitive diagnostic...

Language: English

Modeling Augmented Reality Games with Preservice Elementary and Secondary Science Teachers

Erin Peters Burton; Wendy Frazier; Leonard Annetta; Richard Lamb; Rebecca Cheng; Margaret Chmiel

Journal of Technology and Teacher Education Vol. 19, No. 3 (October 2011) pp. 303–329

Cell phones are ever-present in daily life, yet vastly underused in the formal science classroom. The purpose of this study was to implement a novel learning tool on cell phones, Augmented Reality Games, and determine how the interaction influenced...

Bridging Realty to Virtual Reality: Investigating Gender Effect and Student Engagement on Learning through Video Game Play in an Elementary School Classroom

Leonard Annetta; Jennifer Mangrum; Shawn Holmes; Kimberly Collazo; Meng-Tzu Cheng

International Journal of Science Education Vol. 31, No. 8 (May 2009) pp. 1091–1113

The purpose of this study was to examine students' learning of simple machines, a fifth-grade (ages 10-11) forces and motion unit, and student engagement using a teacher-created Multiplayer Educational Gaming Application. This mixed-method study...

Investigating the impact of video games on high school students’ engagement and learning about genetics

Leonard A. Annetta; James Minogue; Shawn Y. Holmes; Meng-Tzu Cheng

Computers & Education Vol. 53, No. 1 (August 2009) pp. 74–85

The popularity of video games has transcended entertainment crossing into the world of education. While the literature base on educational gaming is growing, there is still a lack of systematic study of this emerging technology’s efficacy. This...

Investigating Science Interest in a Game-Based Learning Project

Leonard Annetta; David Vallett; Bonnie Fusarelli; Richard Lamb; Meng-Tzu Cheng; Shawn Holmes; Elizabeth Folta; Brandi Thurmond

Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching Vol. 33, No. 4 (October 2014) pp. 381–407

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect Serious Educational Games (SEGs) had on student interest in science in a federally funded game-based learning project. It can be argued that today’s students are more likely to engage in video...

Psychosocial Factors Impacting STEM Career Selection

Richard Lamb; Leonard Annetta; David Vallett; Jonah Firestone; Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe; Heather Walker; Nicole Deviller; Douglas Hoston

Journal of Educational Research Vol. 111, No. 4 (2018) pp. 446–458

Attention on P-20 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education has increased tremendously in recent years. Many efforts are underway to promote STEM major and career selection across the nation; specifically, in engineering and ...

Assessment in Serious Educational Game, Simulations and Virtual Worlds, Part 2

Leonard Annetta; Jamie Kirkley; Diane Ketelhut; Philippos Savvides; Lilly Lu; Matt Dunleavy; Greg Jones; Richard Lamb; Marcus Stone; Sonny Kirkley; Mina Johnson-Glenberg; David Birchfield; Walt Heinecke

Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (Mar 29, 2010) pp. 1832–1833

There is growing appreciation across the broader education community that educational three dimensional virtual learning environments are part of the daily lives of citizens. This blurring of the boundaries along with better understandings of...