Search results for author:"Gary R. Morrison"
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Implications for the Design of Computer-Based Instruction Screens
Gary R. Morrison
Computers in Human Behavior Vol. 5, No. 3 (1989) pp. 167–73
Summarizes the results of five studies dealing with screen design for computer-based instruction (CBI) and provides suggestions for their application as well as future directions for research. Chunking, text density, and screen density are discussed ...
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The Influence of Varying Text Densities in Teaching with Computer and Print Presentations
Gary R. Morrison
This research project was designed to explore ways of making computer text presentations more readable as a way of compensating for the constraints that computers impose on the display of text as compared with print-on-paper displays, e.g., limited...
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Promoting Generative Learning with Elaboration Training in Computer-Based Instruction
Gary R. Morrison
Selected Research and Development Presentations at the 1994 National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology Sponsored by the Research and Theory Division (1994)
Relative effects on adult learners who received experimenter-provided elaborations or who generated personal elaborations, using strategies taught by means of detached versus embedded training, were examined in 80 employees in a professional...
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Adapting Text Presentations to Media Attributes: Getting More out of Less in CBI
Gary R. Morrison
Computers in Human Behavior Vol. 4, No. 1 (1988) pp. 65–75
Summarizes three research studies on text and screen density variables in a computer based instruction (CBI) lesson. The first two studies investigated the effectiveness of low density text on lessons taught in print and CBI modes; the third study...
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The Media Effects Question: "Unresolvable" or Asking the Right Question
Gary R. Morrison
Educational Technology Research and Development Vol. 42, No. 2 (1994) pp. 41–44
Critiques articles by Robert Kozma (IR 529 138) and Richard Clark (EJ 294 173) on the influence of media on learning. The author argues that Clark and Kozma are raising different questions and suggests that researchers focus on the effectiveness of...
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Learner Preferences for Varying Screen Densities Using Realistic Stimulus Materials with Single and Multiple Designs
Gary R. Morrison
Educational Technology, Research and Development Vol. 37, No. 3 (1989) pp. 53–60
Discussion of learner preferences for text densities on computer screen displays highlights two studies of college students that compared preferences for multiple or single screen presentations with high-, medium-, or low-density screens from an...
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Text Density Level as a Design Variable in Instructional Displays
Gary R. Morrison
Educational Communication and Technology: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Development Vol. 36, No. 2 (1988) pp. 103–15
Describes study that examined text density levels as a design variable in print and computer-based instructional presentations. The six treatment groups are explained, including low density, high density, and learner controlled density; attitude...
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Learner Control of Context and Instructional Support in Learning Elementary School Mathematics
Gary R. Morrison
Educational Technology Research and Development Vol. 40, No. 1 (1992) pp. 5–13
This study examined learner-control strategies for selecting problem context and level of instructional support on a computer-based mathematics unit on the metric system. Subjects were 240 sixth grade students assigned to 15 treatments. Performance...
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The Effects of Feedback and Incentives on Achievement in Computer-Based Instruction
Gary R. Morrison
Contemporary Educational Psychology Vol. 20, No. 1 (1995) pp. 32–50
Effects on learning of feedback strategies (answer until correct, knowledge of correct response, and delayed) were compared to no feedback and no questions strategies under two conditions of incentives. Results with 246 undergraduates are...
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Reconsidering the Research on CBI Screen Design
Gary R. Morrison
Two variables that designers should consider when developing computer-based instruction (CBI) text screens are text density, which manipulates the context of the information presented, and screen density, which is a measurement of the amount of...
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Screen Density and Text Density: Getting More Out of Less with CBI
Gary R. Morrison
This study compared the effects of computer and print text density on learning using 48 undergraduate teacher education majors as subjects. Three separate studies tested the effects of text density and presentation modes (print or computer), learner ...
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Communicability of the Emotional Connotation of Type
Gary R. Morrison
Educational Communication and Technology: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Development Vol. 34, No. 4 (1986) pp. 235–44
Describes study that investigated the communicability of the emotional connotation of various typefaces. Typographers, student instructional technologists, and naive readers (high school and college students) rated 30 typefaces using a semantic...
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Toward More Precise Definition and Evaluation of Televised Educational Programming
Aversa Fran; Gary R. Morrison
Educational Technology Vol. 18, No. 8 (1978) pp. 5–11
An operational definition of public television programming and its implications for development and production agencies is sorely needed. This article explores some of the components of such a definition and examines the differences in several types ...
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An Instructional Design Approach for Effective Shovelware: Modifying Materials for Distance Education
Gary R. Morrison; Gary J. Anglin
Quarterly Review of Distance Education Vol. 7, No. 1 (2006) pp. 63–74
There has been a rapid proliferation of online courses and shareable content objects. These courses often include a vast array of information, yet they are not instructionally sound. The primary purpose of this article is to provide a procedure ...
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Research on Cognitive Load Theory: Application to E-Learning
Gary R. Morrison; Gary J. Anglin
Educational Technology Research and Development Vol. 53, No. 3 (2005) pp. 94–104
The purpose of this article is to review and critique each of the research studies published in this special issue. We will critique each article, derive one or more instructional design heuristics based on the findings for each study, and provide...
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An Analysis of Distance Education Research: Implications for the Instructional Technologist
Gary J. Anglin; Gary R. Morrison
Quarterly Review of Distance Education Vol. 1, No. 3 (2000) pp. 189–94
Presents results of an analysis of distance education research as reflected in "The American Journal of Distance Education" and "Distance Education." Examines the types of research published in the two journals using the categories: primary research,...
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Comparison of Restricted and Traditional Discussion Boards on Student Critical Thinking
Jennifer R. Morrison; Ginger S. Watson; Gary R. Morrison
Quarterly Review of Distance Education Vol. 13, No. 3 (2012) pp. 167–176
Interaction is a critical component of distance education and involves the transfer of information between the learner and content, learner and learner, or learner and instructor (Moore, 1989). Current distance education literature has examined the...
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Narrative Versus Step-by-Step Instructions for Computer Procedures
Lonny G. MacLeod; Gary R. Morrison
Selected Research and Development Presentations at the National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) Sponsored by the Research and Theory Division 1998 (February 1998)
This paper describes a study designed to investigate the effectiveness of narrative versus step-by-step instructions for a computer task. The participants in this study were 31 undergraduate education students enrolled in a computer literacy class...
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Evaluating Technology-Based Processes and Products
Gary R. Morrison; Steven M. Ross
New Directions for Teaching and Learning Vol. 74 (1998) pp. 69–77
Special problems in assessing how college students use technology and the products they create with it are discussed using the examples of listserv discussions (student participation, quality and coherence of discussion, selection of postings) and a ...
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The NTeQ Model: A Framework for Technology Integration
Deborah L. Lowther; Gary R. Morrison
TechTrends: Linking Research and Practice to Improve Learning Vol. 43, No. 2 (1998) pp. 33–38
The "iNtegrating Technology for inQuiry" (NTeQ) model provides a framework for creating an environment for students to use computers as tools to build a strong educational background while solving meaningful problems. This article outlines the NTeQ...
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Distance Education Research: Messages to the Field
Gary R. Morrison; Amy B. Adcock
TechTrends: Linking Research and Practice to Improve Learning Vol. 43, No. 5 (1999) pp. 14–18
Identifies six categories of research in the field of distance education. Topics include evaluation reports; research on the technology; research on the process; general instructional research; policy research; and pre-research, composed of articles ...
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Controlling Split Attention and Redundancy in Physical Therapy Instruction
Fredrick D. Pociask; Gary R. Morrison
Educational Technology Research and Development Vol. 56, No. 4 (August 2008) pp. 379–399
In this study, we examined the effectiveness of instructional materials designed to control redundancy and split attention in the teaching of complex orthopedic physical therapy skills. Participants included 41 first-year physical therapy students....
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Constructing a Deconstructed Campus: Instructional Design as Vital Bricks and Mortar
Steven M. Ross; Gary R. Morrison
Journal of Computing in Higher Education Vol. 24, No. 2 (August 2012) pp. 119–131
In this rejoinder to Mazoue ("J Comput High Educ," 2012) article, "the deconstructed campus," we react to his arguments regarding the replacement of face-to-face teaching on college campuses with computer-supported approaches, including on-line...
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Exploring the redundancy effect in print-based instruction containing representations
Jennifer Morrison; Ginger S. Watson; Gary R. Morrison
British Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 46, No. 2 (Mar 30, 2015) pp. 423–436
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of redundancy when learning from realistic science materials. Participants received instruction where redundancy was manipulated between text and diagrams with captions, text and diagrams, and...
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Memphis State Regression Computer-Managed Instruction Model
Gary R. Morrison; Steven M. Ross
While individualized learning strategies typically provide large amounts of instructional support, they also reply heavily on learner judgement to determine the amount of support required to achieve an objective. Frequently, these strategies result...
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Evaluation of a Graduate Seminar Conducted by Listserv
Renee E. Weiss; Gary R. Morrison
Selected Research and Development Presentations at the National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) Sponsored by the Research and Theory Division 1998 (February 1998)
This study examined the efficacy of a class discussion conducted by listserv which was used instead of classroom meetings for a graduate seminar. Research focused on whether this mode of communication was successful for the purpose of the course,...
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In Search of a Happy Medium in Instructional Technology Research: Issues Concerning External Validity, Media Replications, and Learner Control
Steven M. Ross; Gary R. Morrison
Educational Technology Research and Development Vol. 37, No. 1 (1989) pp. 19–33
Proposes directions to help researchers balance instructional technology goals with the performance of well-designed and scientifically sound studies. Issues concerning the external validity of studies, use of media replications, and learner control ...
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Reducing the Density of Text Presentations Using Alternative Control Strategies and Media
Steven M. Ross; Gary R. Morrison
A critical process in developing lessons for computer-based instruction (CBI) is to determine the manner in which information will be displayed on the screen, taking care not to ignore the computer's special display capabilities. The underlying...
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Introduction to this Special Issue. Learning with Computers in the K-12 Environment
Gary R. Morrison; Deborah L. Lowther
TechTrends: Linking Research and Practice to Improve Learning Vol. 43, No. 2 (1998)
Discusses the change from a teacher-centered approach when computers were first used in the classroom to a learner-centered approach. Highlights each of six articles presented in this special issue that explore the issues related to using the...
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Integrating Computers into the Problem-Solving Process
Deborah L. Lowther; Gary R. Morrison
New Directions for Teaching and Learning Vol. 95 (2003) pp. 33–38
Asserts that within the context of problem-based learning environments, professors can encourage students to use computers as problem-solving tools. The ten-step Integrating Technology for InQuiry (NteQ) model guides professors through the process...
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Practicing What We Preach: Making Effective Presentations at AECT
Steven M. Ross; Gary R. Morrison
TechTrends: Linking Research and Practice to Improve Learning Vol. 36, No. 3 (1991) pp. 38–40
Effective presentations require planning what to say, identifying and selecting media needs, getting ready for the presentation, and attention to details that may influence it. Types of presentations include development projects, analytical papers...
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Moving from Computer Literate to Technologically Competent: The Next Educational Reform
Deborah L. Lowther; Temba Bassoppo-Moyo; Gary R. Morrison
Computers in Human Behavior Vol. 14, No. 1 (1998) pp. 93–109
Proposes that educators must go beyond computer literacy to achieve technological competence if successful integration of technology into the classroom is to occur. An educator who is technologically competent understands the relationship between...
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Effects of Learner-to-Learner Interactions on Social Presence, Achievement and Satisfaction
Beth Oyarzun; Jill Stefaniak; Linda Bol; Gary R. Morrison
Journal of Computing in Higher Education Vol. 30, No. 1 (2018) pp. 154–175
One current focus of research regarding online courses concentrates on identifying effective design and delivery methodologies. This non-experimental comparative research study investigated two types of learner-to-learner interaction techniques:...
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Using Experimental Methods in Higher Education Research
Steven M. Ross; Gary R. Morrison; Deborah L. Lowther
Journal of Computing in Higher Education Vol. 16, No. 2 (March 2005) pp. 39–64
Experimental methods have been used extensively for many years to conduct research in education and psychology. However, applications of experiments to investigate technology and other instructional innovations in higher education settings have been ...
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The Effect of Distance Learning Classroom Design on Student Perceptions
Mala Gopalakrishnan Jayasinghe; Gary R. Morrison; Steven M. Ross
Educational Technology Research and Development Vol. 45, No. 4 (1997) pp. 5–19
Investigates the effect of camera angle and monitor placement in a distance learning environment where a videotape of a lecture was used. Results suggest that an eye-level camera and multiple monitors with groups of 4-5 students positively influence ...